Psychology (Clinical depression) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology (Clinical depression) - Essay Example (Robinson, Berman, Neimeyer, 1990) Depression can appear at any age, but it is prevalent now among children and adolescents, especially when they are the offspring of adults with depression. It can also strike late in life and its symptoms of impaired memory, slow speech and slowed movement can be mistaken for those of senility or stroke. Psychological treatment of depression assists the depressed individual in several ways. First of all, it helps to ease the pain of depression with addressing the feelings of hopelessness that go along with depression. That supportive counseling changes the pessimistic ideas, unrealistic expectations, and critical self-evaluations that create depression and sustain it. A qualified therapist is to help the depressed person to recognize which life problems are critical, and which are minor, and to develop positive life goals, and a more positive self-assessment. At last, the problem solving therapy changes the areas of the person's life that are creating significant stress, and contributing to the depression. Here can be a good impact of behavioral therapy that is aimed to develop coping skills, or an impact of interpersonal therapy that assist in solving relationship problems. (Weissman M.M., Markowitz J.C., 1994) Unfortunately, in practice, many poorly trained therapists can't provide supportive counseling, that leads to little improvements in treating depression. Psychotherapy is said to be helpful while being a part of the overall treatment plan, because, as researches show that in many cases unless the depressed person with the assistance of a therapist makes critical life changes, the depression still continues. This is explained by the fact of existence of internal and external changes, when internal changes are connected with problem assessment, self-evaluation, the evaluation of others, and the expectations the depressed person has for himherself, others and about life. It is an internal factor of hisher personality where there is a need to be fastidious with oneself. External changes in this case may be needed in problem solving skills, stress management, communication skills, life management skills, and the skills needed to develop and sustain relationships. (Carlson, Martin and Buskwist, 2004) They are connected with the system 'person - environment', and development of one's interaction skills with the surrounding. The length of treatment will vary due to the severity of depression, the number and kind of life problems the person has to be solved. Many people tend to experience some relief within 6 or 10 sessions, while approximately 70-80% of the treated notice improvement only within 20-30 sessions. (Simon G.E., VonKorff M., Wagner E.H., Barlow W., 1993) Treatment sessions are usually scheduled once per week, that can be a rather unsatisfactory point for those who suffer from constant problems and need to be assisted more often. Many psychiatrists now doubt if therapy and cognitive training are as effective as dugs in the treatment of depression.

Non-Malignanat Palliative Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Non-Malignanat Palliative Care - Assignment Example Introduction Certain incurable conditions like advanced malignancy and end-stage organ diseases are a challenge to health professionals like nurses for several reasons. Besides instituting treatments to manage their symptoms like pain, the nurses also need to take care of other aspects like emotional support, spiritual care and psychosocial interventions (Arolker and Johson, 2007). Patients who are in terminal stages of life need to be managed in a holistic manner keeping in mind the emotional distress they are going through. Such a care is known as palliative care. Extension of palliative care services to all patients, including those suffering from non-malignant conditions is a much discussed topic in many countries all over the world. Infact, there is a lot of pressure among health service circles for the provision of palliative care to patients based on their need rather than diagnosis. However, at the same time, there is paucity of practical skills and information as to how supp ort must be provided to patients with non-malignant diseases (Cochrane et al, 2008). In this essay, a critical analysis of provision of palliative care services by those specialists providing palliative care for cancer patients will be done. 2. Overview of the needs of people with non-malignant conditions for palliative care According to the World Health Organization (2009), palliative care is â€Å"an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual." Historically, palliative care services by specialists were provided to only cancer patients (Addington-Hall et al, 1998). But, actually, even non-malignant patients in terminally ill stages require palliative care services and pressure to service these patients is mou nting enormously (Cochrane et al, 2008). According to Addington-Hall (1995), palliative care must be provided to patients based on the need rather than on the diagnosis. This means that even non-malignant patients who quantify for palliative services will need palliative care services. Palliative services for those with non-malignant conditions are sparse when compared with those with malignant conditions (Cochrane et al, 2008). Several needs assessments have proven that those with certain non-malignant conditions in the the long term develop some physical symptoms which burden the patients and their family members along with certain psychosocial needs that are unmet. Some such conditions include certain chronic neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis, end-stage renal disease, chronic respiratory problems like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart problems like dilated cardiomyopathy (Cochrane et al, 2008). The end-stage of life, when the patient and his/he r family members know about the proximity to death, evokes certain feelings and emotions like rage, denial, bargaining, envy, depression and acceptance (Aranda, 2008). According to DOH (2008), "the challenge for the NHS and social care services now, is to extend this quality of care from the minority of patients (mainly those with cancer) who currently come into contact with hospices and specialist palliative care s

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 235

Assignment Example Human rights Activities and some religions argue that it is not morally acceptable for the state to kill or rather execute people under no circumstances (McClellan 125).4 Human life is very precious and should not be taken by anyone.5 Relatives and friends of the criminal also suffer in the process.6 Capital punishment again does not address the root problem. It is a superficial method and does little to curb the crime.7 There are others who look at capital punishment from another point of view (Draper 39). They look at the advantages it has. They argue that capital punishment instills a sense of fear among the citizens.8 They believe that people learn more by seeing than hearing (Bedau 34).9 They believe that people will not only fear the law but also respect it.10 Others argue that capital punishment is in fact economical.11 Heinous Criminals are not worthy of living from the sweat of innocent and hardworking citizens.12 Others argue that it is better to die than languish in prison where the criminals will undergo both physical and emotional torture (Swartz 112). 13 It also serves as a way of reducing the crime rates and ensures the safety of the victims and other inmates.14 These are some of the different views that different states and people have regarding to capital punishment.15 1. Bedau, Hugo Adam, and Paul G. Cassell. Debating the death penalty: should America have capital punishment? : the experts on both sides make their best case. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print. 3. Dezhbakhsh, Hashem, and Paul H. Rubin. "From the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"econometrics of capital punishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"capital punishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of econometrics: on the use and abuse of sensitivity analysis." Applied Economics 43.25 (2011): 3655-3670.

The Different Models of Disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Different Models of Disability - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that two of the most prominent models of disability are the medical and social models. These models have been greeted with great skepticism in that they are thought of as being less reflective of the dynamics of disability in the real world. Additionally, they are thought of as being restrictive in nature in that they force individuals to perceive disability in a predefined and very rigid manner. These models, however, to prove to be helpful in that they establish a framework which can be utilized as a means of enabling individuals to gain an intimate understanding of the issues related to disability and the perspective of those who conceive the models as well as the institutions which utilize these models in policy setting initiatives. This report focuses on the obtaining an understanding of the different models of disability and its implications and ramifications. First and foremost, the Medical Model maintains that dis ability is the resultant of an underlying physical or mental limitation and is largely independent of social or geographical context. It is sometimes referred to as the Biological-Inferiority or Functional-Limitation Model. The most poignant conceptualization of this model can be seen in the definition as set forth by the World Health Organization (WHO) and devised through the contribution of several medical doctors. Under this conceptualization, a disability is defined as any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range that is considered normal for humans while impairment is defined as any or abnormality of psychological or anatomical structure or function. Additionally, a handicap is defined as any disadvantage experienced by an individual which results from an impairment or disability which limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that has become customary for that individual.

Journal 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal 3 - Essay Example Instead of telling us what we needed in the bag, the teacher gave us suggestions about what we might need and invited us to come up with ideas for what we would like to pack. After we finished, we discussed why we chose the items we did. I selected this activity because it gives a good example of how my teacher performed more of a helper/ mentor role with us, rather than a strict lecturer role. Due to her encouraging way of doing the lesson , there were fewer arguments than there would have been if she had required all of the students to put a predetermined list of items into the suitcase. The teacher implemented Standard 1. Promoting Child Development and Learning. She also implemented Standard 5. Using Content Knowledge to Build Meaningful Curriculum. I learned that being a helper or a mentor to children can be a smoother and more effective way to assist in the learning process of children. If I were to do this activity with my children, I would discuss with them before we began about what they might place in their suitcases. I would still discuss why the children chose the items that they did at the end of the activity. That really promoted some deeper thinking from the students in my

Quest For Vengeance And Distorted Personalities Essay

Quest For Vengeance And Distorted Personalities - Essay Example This essay examines the adverse effects vengeance has had on the central figure of Paulina in Death And The Maiden, and Claire Zachanassian in The Visit. Death And The Maiden, combining effortlessly elements of suspense, mystery and morality, intertwines them with highly interesting insights into the psychological recesses of a victim, forced to live with the open wounds of her persecution. The play, taking place in an unnamed country, is set in the times when the country has just escaped from a brutal fascist regime. Paulina lives with her husband Gerardo, who was once an activist working against the dictatorship and is now a member of a committee assigned to investigate human-rights violations. A few years back, Paulina was kidnapped and brutally raped and tortured while blindfolded, by a sadistic doctor who played Franz Schubert's quartet "Death And The Maiden." She believes that the stranger that her husband has now brought into their home is the doctor responsible for her traumatic experience. She imprisons the doctor, extracts a forced confession from him and yet, instead of killing him, lets him go in the end. The play provides the reader with ample chances to look inside the tortured soul of Paulina and understand the extent to which her personality has been distorted by her past experiences. Paulina insists fiercely that the prisoner be put on trial and adamantly refuses to hear the moderate voice of her husband, showing that she has lost all rationality and reason and is blinded by a terrible rage. By depicting this, Dorfman has shown how thirst for revenge remains dormant, hiding beneath the layers of a victim's, in this case Paulina's, personality creating an illusion of normalcy, lulling the victim's loved ones into a false sense of complacency. However, when Paulina is shown to be reliving a traumatic experience from her past, her hatred resurfaces again with such violence that it shocks. When Paulina binds the doctor to a chair, she gags him using her panties. This action of hers is highly insightful as it shows that the doctor's total degradation is her main aim and nothing else, and only the most humiliating treatment meted out to her prisoner will satisfy her. She does this because unconsciously she desires the doctor to go through the same mental and emotional torment that she went through. Seeing him helpless, physically bound and gagged, writhing in agony and even unable to feed himself, gives her a deep, perverse satisfaction. Keeping her secret activities against the fascist regime of her country and her courage during her captivity in view, we can safely to assume that Paulina is a decent human being with a high moral sense and belief in lofty ideals such as freedom and justice, but when it comes to Dr. Roberto Miranda, she remorselessly throws all those ideals to the wind and becomes a tigress, thirsty for blood. Dorfman effectively highlights the inner turmoil of Paulina's soul by juxtaposing her tormented psyche with physical proof of how much she suffers. The reader can actually feel her nerves taut with tension due to her clipped dialogues and her equally explosive diatribes. The following tirade of hers, serves as a clear indication of her suffering under a spell of hatred, as she says, "And why

We Are Not Responsible for Our Actions Essay Example for Free

We Are Not Responsible for Our Actions Essay Critically asses the view that we are not responsible for our actions Is it true that the society we live in, we have the right to make and produce our own decisions and its purely down to each individual to any actions they produce? In this essay I will explore if we have the right to be responsible for any action we take. Some may believe its down to God and his decisions, obviously, this cannot be proved, however surely each human have the right to be responsible for any actions. This question comes down to; do we have free will or is it determinism? A key case which questioned this question would be the Darrow trial. Successfully, the Lawyer was able to reduce the death penalty to life imprisonment, blaming that it was other factors such as power that made them do this action. He therefore believed that we are all not responsible for our action other factors must also be responsible not purl down to that individual. A prime example of an ethical theory which backs up this trial is Determinism. This means all our actions all have prior causes going back to the first cause which is God, therefore any evil action is inevitable. Determinism states that freedom of choice is just an illusion and so personal responsibility is a meaningless concept, as are the blame and punishment. This sort of determinism would be hard determinism. Therefore, determinism followers would reject that we have free will. Hard determinism followers such as John Hospers said that there is always something which compels each human to externally and internally perform an action that we would consider was the result of our own free will. He says â€Å"it is all a matter of luck†. Hospers would strongly agree that we are not responsible for any actions. He believes in other factors. Carrying on from this, behaviourism is an extreme modern version of hard determinism. It states that all our actions are due to the social conditioning and subconscious influences. John B. Watson discussed psychological behaviourism. He suggested that our behaviour is influenced by heredity and environment. By manipulating the environment an individual’s behaviour can be alerted. All theories of determinism are influenced by Isaac Newton’s physics.